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Indonesia’s Development Plan
Development plan is one of the most vital elements in maintaining the sustainability of a country. It is essential to plan the targets, vision, and mission of a country. In Indonesia, the development plan is divided into RPJP, RPJMN, and RKP as elaborated hereunder:
Long-Term Development Plan/Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Panjang (RPJP)
RPJP is a planning document due for 20 (twenty) years. Its preparation is carried out in the following order: (i) preparation of the initial draft of the development plan; (ii) development planning deliberation; and (iii) preparation of the final draft of the development plan. Specifically, Law No. 25/2004 stipulates 2 (two) types of RPJP, namely RPJPN and RPJPD:
Long-Term National Development Plan/Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Panjang Nasional (RPJPN)
RPJPN 2025-2045 is deliberated under Law 59/2024, as the elaboration of the national objectives enshrined in the Preamble of the 1945 Constitution in the form of a vision, mission, and the direction of Indonesia’s national development.[1] With the enactment of Law 59/2024, the RPJPN for 2025-2045 has been designated as the guideline for national development implementation.
Long-Term Regional Development Plan/Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Panjang Daerah (RPJPD)
While national development is steered by RPJPN, the provincial/regional level has RPJPD, which basically follows the RPJPN. RPJPD is regulated under the respective Regional Regulation.
Medium-term Development Plan/Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah (RPJM)
RPJM is a development plan due for 5 (five) years. The RPJM is prepared by MoNDP based on the RPJP. In relation to the RPJM, Law No. 25/2004 regulates two types of RPJM, namely RPJMN and RPJMD.
Medium-term National Development Plan/Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional
The RPJMN elaborates the President's vision, mission, and programs, which preparation refers to the RPJPN. The RPJMN contains the national development strategy, general policies, ministry/agency and cross-ministries/agencies, regional and cross-regional programs and development priorities. It also contains macroeconomic framework that includes a comprehensive picture of the economy, including direction of fiscal policy in the work plan, presented in the form of a regulatory framework and indicative funding framework. The RPJMN shall be enacted through Presidential Regulation no later than 3 (three) months from the inauguration date of the elected President and Vice President.
The RPJMN 2025-2029 is deliberated under PR 12/2025, which elaborates the President and Vice President’s vision, mission, and programs resulting from the 2024 general election, which must be obeyed by all government development actors involving non-government development actors. The RPJMN 2025-2029 is:
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the legal basis for ministries/institutions in preparing their Ministry/Agency Medium-term Development Plan (or Ministry/Agency Strategic Plan/Renstra-KL);
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the legal basis for preparing regional RPJM, taking into account the duties and functions of regional governments in achieving the national development targets contained in the RPJMN 2025-2029;
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the legal basis for the government in preparing RKP;
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basic guidelines for controlling and evaluating the implementation of the RPJMN; and
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guidelines for the society to participate in the implementation of national development.
Medium-term Regional Development Plan/Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Daerah (RPJMD)
The RPJMD is a regional development planning document for a period of 5 (five) years, which provides a detailed description of the vision, mission, and program of the Regional Head, and is guided by the RPJPD and in consideration of the RPJMN. It contains regional financial policy directions, regional development strategies, general policies, programs of regional apparatus work units, cross-regional apparatus work units, and regional programs accompanied by work plans in the form of a regulatory and indicative funding framework.
Government Work Plan/Rencana Kerja Pemerintah
The RKP is a national development planning document for 1 (year) period. The RKP is an elaboration of the RPJMN, which contains developmental priorities and the draft of a macroeconomics framework, which includes a comprehensive picture of the economy including fiscal policy directions, as well as Ministry/Agency programs, cross Ministries/Agencies, regional in the form of a regulatory framework and indicative funding framework. Additionally, RKP becomes the guide for the preparation of APBN and is determined in the Presidential Regulation.
While the Presidential Regulation governing the RKP 2026 has not yet been issued, RKP 2025 is deliberated under PR 109/2024, as updated through PR 79/2025, where it carries the theme of “Accelerating the Transformation of an Inclusive and Sustainable Economy”. The aim of the RKP 2025, as stated in PR 109/2024, is to establish an initial foundation for the transition towards Indonesia Emas 2045, focusing on alleviating middle-income trap, reducing regional and income group disparities, and responding to challenges such as demographic changes, technology, geopolitics, geo-economics, and climate.
As such, RKP 2025 stipulates 8 (eight) national priorities as follows:
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Strengthening the ideology of Pancasila, democracy, and human rights.
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Consolidating the national defense and security system and promoting national independence through self-sufficiency in food, energy, water, sharia economy, digital economy, green economy, and blue economy.
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Continuing the development of infrastructure and enhancing quality job opportunities, encouraging entrepreneurship, developing the creative industry, and advancing the agro-maritime industry in production centers through the active role of cooperatives.
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Strengthening the development of human resources, science, technology, education, health, sports achievements, gender equality, as well as empowering the roles of women, youth, and persons with disabilities.
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Continuing downstream processes and developing resource-based industries to increase domestic added value.
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Building from the village and from the bottom for economic growth, economic equity, and poverty eradication.
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Strengthening political, legal, and bureaucratic reformation, as well as enhancing the prevention and eradication of corruption, drugs, gambling, and smuggling.
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Strengthening the alignment of harmonious life with the natural environment and culture, as well as increasing tolerance among religious communities to achieve a just and prosperous society.
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In addition to the RKP, there is also the RKPD which further elaborates the RPJMD and refers to the RKP for a period of 1 (one) year. The formulation of RKPD must be aligned with, and based on, the RKP and the national strategic programs establish by the central government.
